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Proposal Writing Help

Writing Proposals Finding Sponsors
Writing Suggestions
Web Sites
Help at DRDA


Writing the Proposal

  1. Find a sponsor that is interested in funding your idea.

    All grantmaking organizations have mission statements which guide decision-making on projects to fund. Your job as a proposal writer is to find sponsors who fund the type of work you want to accomplish. The more flexible your ideas are, the more likely you are to be funded. You may need to look at the "bigger picture" outside of your specific area, and ask yourself how your work can yield benefits to the broader scholarly community and general public, as well.

      Ask yourself the following questions when searching for a potential sponsor:

    • Does my work align with the sponsor's priorities or mission?
    • Does it fund projects in my locality?
    • Does it fund my applicant-type, i.e., individuals, non-profit or for-profit organizations?
    • Is it making grants this year?
    • Does it fund the type of activities I need supported, e.g., publication, presentation, research, equipment, travel?

  2. Write a Letter of Inquiry

    A sponsor may request that you write a letter (not more than two pages) describing your idea. Based on this information, it will decide whether you should apply for a grant. If so, the sponsor will send you an application package, including guidelines for writing the proposal.

      The Letter of Inquiry should include:

    • a statement explaining why the sponsor should be interested in your project, based on its mission and previously funded grants. (This shows that you are acquainted with the work that the sponsor supports in this field.) Read its annual report to get this information.
    • a brief statement of why this work is important and who will benefit.
    • a summary of what the project will accomplish.
    • a short description of the duration and activities of the project.
    • an estimate of how much you are requesting from the sponsor for the project. If this is less than the total cost of the project, explain why and how you will obtain other funds.
    • a brief statement of your qualifications (or those of your organization) in pursuing this work.
    • a request for a response and your contact information.

    If you know someone on the sponsor's Board of Directors or staff, it is a good idea to contact that person for insight into their funding priorities and procedures. If you have questions about process, call the sponsor's Program Officer for clarification; often the Officer will be happy to discuss your ideas and help evaluate whether you are on target with their funding programs.

  3. Write the Narrative

    If your Letter of Inquiry is successful, you should now have the complete set of guidelines for writing the proposal from the potential sponsor. The first step is to read the guidelines at least three times. Before you write your project description, have a very good idea about the sponsor's requirements, evaluation criteria it wants included, limits on the proposal length, topics to cover and in what order, formatting restrictions, deadline for submission, and how to present the budget. Be sure to follow the directions.

    If the sponsor does not provide an outline, use these guidelines:

    A. Summary - no more than 1 page (less is better)
    B. Background and Significance of Project
    C. Goals and Objectives (What do you plan to accomplish?)
    D. Planned Activities (include a time line for accomplishing major activities)
    E. Resources (staff and physical capabilities)
    F. Evaluation Plan (to determine whether you have accomplished your objectives)
    G.
    Budget (cover all aspects of the work and be realistic)
    H. Appendices (these usually include letters of support and resumes of key personnel)

  4. Special considerations

    Cost Sharing: Many sponsors are willing to fund a portion of the cost of the project, and want the applicant to come up with money or other resources to accomplish the rest of the project. Other resources (or "in kind" contributions) may include such items as staff or volunteer time spent on the project, equipment/materials, or space. Cost sharing may come from other sponsors. Some projects may receive a donation from a local business or community foundation if the employees or citizens either partake in, or are invited to attend, an event. Be resourceful!

    Significance: It is especially important to show how someone will benefit from this work, and how this project is unique, innovative, or fills a gap. If work similar to your's exists, acknowledge it and explain how your work is different, better, or serves other constituencies.

    Expertise: is important to all grant proposals. You need to show that you are well-qualified (with your training and experience) to accomplish your objectives. In the case of interdisciplinary work, the sponsor assumes that more than one expert will be involved in key staff roles. Frequently applications are strengthened when outside expertise is brought in for a portion of the work, e.g., evaluation, technical assistance, community involvement. These positions should be part of the budget, either as consultants or staff.

    Dissemination: is also an important way to share your work with the public. If the sponsor includes dissemination in its evaluation criteria, be sure to make it a specific objective of the project, and include these activities in the budget.

    Planned Activities: The planned activities, or work plan, section describes when, where, and how your objectives will be met. You will want to describe:

    • the sequence of activities you will perform in order to accomplish your objectives
    • a rationalization for your plans if you have selected among options
    • the major responsibilities of the key participants
    • a time line with major accomplishments scheduled
    • a management plan, if appropriate
    • a description of how other groups will collaborate
    • a discussion of anticipated roadblocks, and how you will deal with them

    Peer Evaluation: Share your proposal draft with peers for evaluation. Ask them for feedback about your ideas, and about the clarity and readability of the text.

    Chances for Funding: Remember that most grant applications do not get funded the first time around. Usually, the applicant will receive feedback from the sponsor about the initial, unsuccessful attempt, along with an offer to revise and resubmit the proposal. If your sponsor has not sent you a written evaluation report, do not hesitate to call the Program Officer to discuss why you did not get funded, and what you might do to improve your chances at another time.


A few web sites that offer proposal writing guidance.

Contacts at DRDA about proposal writing:

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